References

1. Amershi, S., Weld, D., Vorvoreanu, M., Fourney, A., Nushi, B., Collisson, P., Suh, J., Iqbal, S., Bennett, P. N., Inkpen, K., Teevan, J., Kikin-Gil, R., & Horvitz, E. (2019). Guidelines for human-AI interaction. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Paper 3, pp. 1–13). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300233 （18 條準則，經四輪實證修訂與專家評議；後收入 HAX Toolkit——本圖 L3 的實證來源）(18 guidelines, revised over four rounds of validation and expert review; later folded into the HAX Toolkit — the empirical source for L3)
2. Borning, A., & Muller, M. (2012). Next steps for value sensitive design. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1125–1134). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208560 （對 VSD 的方法論批評：需明示「研究者的聲音」、避免以普世價值名義代言）(methodological critique of VSD: make the researcher's own voice explicit; do not speak for others under the banner of universal values)
3. Endsley, M. R. (1995). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors, 37(1), 32–64. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049543
4. Fjeld, J., Achten, N., Hilligoss, H., Nagy, A., & Srikumar, M. (2020). Principled artificial intelligence: Mapping consensus in ethical and rights-based approaches to principles for AI (Berkman Klein Center Research Publication No. 2020-1). Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society, Harvard University. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3518482 （BKC 頁：36 份文件、8 主題、47 條原則；本圖的同心圓形式即取法其 Principled AI 圖表）(BKC page: 36 documents, 8 themes, 47 principles; this map's concentric form follows their Principled AI chart)
5. Friedman, B., & Hendry, D. G. (2019). Value sensitive design: Shaping technology with moral imagination. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262039536/value-sensitive-design/ （本圖工作方法的主架構：概念、實證、技術三種調查交織疊代）(the main frame for this map's method: conceptual, empirical and technical investigations, interleaved and iterated)
6. Friedman, B., Hendry, D. G., & Borning, A. (2017). A survey of value sensitive design methods. Foundations and Trends in Human–Computer Interaction, 11(2), 63–125. https://doi.org/10.1561/1100000015 （系統整理 VSD 方法庫，含 value dams and flows、value scenarios、Envisioning Cards；方法清單後經 Friedman & Hendry (2019) 與 VSD Lab 擴充為 17 種）(the systematic catalogue of VSD methods — value dams and flows, value scenarios, Envisioning Cards; the list is extended to 17 in Friedman & Hendry (2019) and on the VSD Lab site)
7. Friedman, B., Kahn, P. H., Jr., & Borning, A. (2006). Value sensitive design and information systems. In P. Zhang & D. Galletta (Eds.), Human-computer interaction in management information systems: Foundations (pp. 348–372). M.E. Sharpe. （直接∕間接利害關係人之區分出處）(origin of the direct / indirect stakeholder distinction)
8. Gerdes, A., & Frandsen, T. F. (2023). A systematic review of almost three decades of value sensitive design (VSD): What happened to the technical investigations? Ethics and Information Technology, 25(2), 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09700-2 （技術投入是最常被略過的一環；本圖 L4 即針對此缺口）(technical investigations are the step most often skipped; L4 targets that gap)
9. Google PAIR. (n.d.). People + AI guidebook. Google. Retrieved September 16, 2026, from https://pair.withgoogle.com/guidebook-v2/ （置信度見 Explainability + Trust；降級見 Errors + Graceful Failure）(confidence: Explainability + Trust; degradation: Errors + Graceful Failure)
10. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (2021). IEEE Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design (IEEE Std 7000-2021). IEEE Standards Association. https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/7000/6781/ （VSD 的產業標準版，也是目前唯一可稽核的流程；本圖 L4 對應其「倫理價值需求」的介面實作缺口）(VSD's industry standard and the only auditable process version to date; L4 addresses the interface gap left open by its ethical value requirements)
11. Klein, G., Woods, D. D., Bradshaw, J. M., Hoffman, R. R., & Feltovich, P. J. (2004). Ten challenges for making automation a “team player” in joint human-agent activity. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 19(6), 91–95. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2004.74 （提出 Basic Compact：人與自動化要協作，必須先有一份可維持、可退出的相互承諾——AIPET 作為「人機互動契約」的最直接文獻依據）(introduces the Basic Compact — joint activity requires a sustained, revocable mutual commitment; the closest literature anchor for reading AIPET as a human–agent contract)
12. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (n.d.). AI risk management framework. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved September 16, 2026, from https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework （含 Generative AI Profile）(includes the Generative AI Profile)
13. Rahwan, I. (2018). Society-in-the-loop: Programming the algorithmic social contract. Ethics and Information Technology, 20(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-017-9430-8 （把價值與原則明確稱為「演算法社會契約」，但層級在社會而非介面）(names values and principles an “algorithmic social contract” — pitched at the level of society rather than the interface)
14. Shneiderman, B. (2020). Human-centered artificial intelligence: Reliable, safe & trustworthy. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 36(6), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1741118
15. Spiekermann, S. (2023). Value-based engineering: A guide to building ethical technology for humanity. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110793383 （IEEE 7000 主筆者的實作指南，把價值引出與排序寫成企業可執行的步驟）(the practitioner guide by IEEE 7000's lead author, turning value elicitation and prioritisation into steps a company can run)
16. Spiekermann, S., & Winkler, T. (2022). Value-based engineering with IEEE 7000. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 41(3), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4142396 （從價值清單走向價值工程：說明為何條列式原則清單不足以指導開發）(from value lists to value-based engineering: why a bulleted list of principles cannot steer development)
17. Umbrello, S., & van de Poel, I. (2021). Mapping value sensitive design onto AI for social good principles. AI and Ethics, 1(3), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00038-3 （示範將高階 AI 原則作為中介規範接回 VSD；本圖「價值 → 原則」接線的依據）(shows how high-level AI principles serve as intermediate norms inside VSD; the basis for this map's value → principle link)
18. van den Hoven, J., Vermaas, P. E., & van de Poel, I. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of ethics, values, and technological design: Sources, theory, values and application domains. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6970-0 （Delft 的 Design for Values 典籍；本圖的價值階層即取自此脈絡，經典示例為生質燃料）(the Delft Design for Values canon; this map's values hierarchy comes from this line of work, with biofuels as its standard worked example)
19. van de Poel, I. (2013). Translating values into design requirements. In D. P. Michelfelder, N. McCarthy, & D. E. Goldberg (Eds.), Philosophy and engineering: Reflections on practice, principles and process (pp. 253–266). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7762-0_20 （價值階層：values → norms → design requirements，即本圖四層的推導骨架；van den Hoven 於 TU Delft 以生質燃料為例推廣此圖式）(values hierarchy: values → norms → design requirements — the derivation spine of this map's four layers; van den Hoven teaches the same schema at TU Delft with the biofuels case)
20. VSD Lab. (n.d.). Value sensitive design: Overview of methods. University of Washington. Retrieved September 17, 2026, from https://vsdesign.org/vsd/ （17 種具名方法的現行清單與工具包）(the current list of 17 named methods and their toolkits)